Referred pain and hyperalgesia in human tendon and muscle belly tissue.
Referred pain and hyperalgesia in human tendon and muscle belly tissue.
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Referred pain and hyperalgesia in human tendon and muscle belly tissue.
Pain. 2006 Jan;120(1-2):113-23
Authors: Gibson W, Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T
The sensitivity of tendon and tendon-bone junction is not fully described although these tissues have high clinical impacts. This study assessed (1) pain intensity and referred pain caused by hypertonic saline injection to the proximal tendon-bone junction (PTBJ), tendon and muscle belly sites of tibialis anterior muscle and (2) pressure pain sensitivity, pre, during and post hypertonic saline injections. Eighteen subjects (14 males and 4 females) participated. Subjects also had constant mechanical stimulation for 120s at 130% of baseline pressure pain threshold (PPT) during which VAS parameters were recorded. VAS parameters after hypertonic saline for PTBJ (VAS area, VAS peak), and tendon sites (VAS area, duration and time to maximum VAS) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than muscle belly. During hypertonic saline pain all three sites displayed local and frequently enlarged and referred pain areas. Hypertonic saline pain at the PTBJ and tendon transiently increased pressure sensitivity at these sites (P < 0.05). When referred pain was caused by mechanical stimulation it occurred predominantly at the PTBJ and tendon sites (86% cases). Constant mechanical stimulation caused steadily increasing pain (summation of pain) at all sites. Hypertonic saline pain at the tendon and PTBJ caused significantly higher (P < 0.001) final VAS scores compared to the muscle belly site. The results indicate the PTBJ and tendon sites are more sensitive and susceptible to sensitisation by hypertonic saline than muscle belly. Furthermore, there may be site specific central changes reflected by the differences in the results regarding sensitivity and summation over time.
PMID: 16359798 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Increased Expression of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit 2D in the Skin of Patients with Fibromyalgia.
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Increased Expression of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit 2D in the Skin of Patients with Fibromyalgia.
J Rheumatol. 2006 Apr;33(4):785-8
Authors: Kim SH, Jang TJ, Moon IS
OBJECTIVE: We studied the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in skin of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) to investigate their role. METHODS: The presence of NMDAR subtype 2B (NR2B) and subtype 2D (NR2D) was examined in skin tissues by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. Skin tissues from 11 female patients with FM were examined and compared to those of 8 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: NR2D expression was increased in the skin of patients with FM versus controls. There was no difference in the expression of NR2B between FM patients and controls. CONCLUSION: The increased expression of NMDAR found in FM skin could be indicative of a more generalized increase in other peripheral nerves. This suggests that NR2D-selective antagonists may have implications in the treatment of allodynia in patients with FM.
PMID: 16583480 [PubMed - in process]
Fibromyalgia is a neuropathic pain syndrome.
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Fibromyalgia is a neuropathic pain syndrome.
J Rheumatol. 2006 Apr;33(4):827c-827
Authors: Martinez-Lavin M
PMID: 16583491 [PubMed - in process]
[The semiotics of fibromyalgia and related somatoform disorders]
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[The semiotics of fibromyalgia and related somatoform disorders]
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 2005 Dec 14;94(50):1999-2002
Authors: Hadler NM
PMID: 16381451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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